Typhoid is a bacterial infection caused by the salmonella typhi bacteria.
It is usually spread through contaminated water or food and can cause fever, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. If left untreated, it can be deadly.
Vaccines are available to prevent typhoid, and antibiotics are used to treat it.
Symptoms of Typhoid
• Fever
• Headache
• Weakness and fatigue
• Abdominal pain
• Loss of appetite
• Diarrhea or constipation
• Cough
• Rose-colored spots on the chest
• Enlarged spleen and liver
Causes of Typhoid
• Consuming food or drinks contaminated by bacteria
• Contact with an infected person
• Poor hygiene
• Drinking contaminated water
• Eating raw vegetables or fruits washed in contaminated water
Diagnosis of Typhoid
Physical examination: During a physical exam, the doctor may look for signs such as a high fever, a rash, enlarged spleen, and swollen lymph nodes.
Laboratory tests: The doctor may order lab tests to confirm the diagnosis of typhoid. These tests may include a blood test to look for antibodies to the bacteria or a stool sample or urine sample to detect the bacteria.
Imaging tests: Imaging tests, such as an X-ray or CT scan, may be used to look for signs of complications, such as an enlarged spleen or tissue damage.
Other tests: The doctor may also order other tests, such as a bone marrow biopsy, to check for signs of infection.
Treatment of Typhoid
Treatment for typhoid fever typically involves a course of antibiotics.
To reduce the risk of complications, it is important to take an entire course of antibiotics even if symptoms improve.
In some cases, hospitalization may be necessary.
Other treatments may include fluids and electrolytes to prevent dehydration, pain relievers, and antidiarrheal medications.
5 Lifestyle Changes to Prevent Typhoid
- Proper handwashing: Proper and regular handwashing with soap and clean water is the most important way to prevent typhoid.
- Safe drinking water: Boil water before drinking it to kill any bacteria that may be present.
- Safe food: Eating food that has been cooked properly and is still hot is important to prevent typhoid. Do not eat food that has been left out at room temperature for more than two hours.
- Cleanliness: Wash fruits and vegetables thoroughly before eating them. Avoid eating food from street vendors.
- Proper sanitation: Make sure that toilets are kept clean and that sewage is disposed of properly.
Note: Vaccines are available to protect against typhoid.
Vaccination for Typhoid
- The recommended vaccine for typhoid is the Typhoid Vaccine (Typhim Vi).
- This vaccine is given as an injection and is usually administered in two doses, at least one month apart.
- The vaccine will provide protection for up to 3 years.
It is important to note that the vaccine is not 100% effective and that those who receive it may still contract typhoid.
